URBAN WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN MAKASSAR CITY: ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES OFURBANIZATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Abstract

The rapid pace of urbanization in Makassar City has triggered an exponential increase in solid waste generation, which is further exacerbated by the vulnerabilities of climate change. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of the solid waste management system in Makassar City in facing the dual challenges of rapid urbanization and climate change through a literature review approach. Data were analyzed using bibliometric mapping via VOSviewer to trace the network of literature related to waste management, rapid urbanization, and institutional governance. The results indicate that the solid waste management framework in Makassar City is highly strained by structural barriers, including the overcapacity of the Tamangapa Antang Landfill, low community participation in waste segregation, and weak institutional coordination. Climate change introduces severe disruptions, where high-intensity rainfall accelerates leachate production and floods waste transportation networks, while prolonged dry seasons increase fire risks at landfill sites. The study concludes that navigating these interconnected challenges requires a paradigm shift from a traditional linear governance model ("collect-transport-dump") to a resilient, circular economy framework. This transformation must be supported by cross-sectoral institutional collaboration, infrastructure climate-proofing, and the integration of community-based waste banks (Bank Sampah) into the formal municipal waste system.